When we were little, we memoried this "Sanzijing" before we went to kindergarten. I could image myself reading the paragraph before meal time. Wow, it was a tough summer holiday for me and other cousins. 3rd uncle is in charged of our Chinese class and this is the beginning. Wait until he starts to teach us Calligraphy, you will see the evil part of 3rd uncle. However, I do appreciate what he tough me and it's in my skill list forever... Now, it's Daniel's turn. Ha,ha,ha, I can be the evil aunt to teach him. Ha,ha,ha....
人之初 Men at their birth,
性本善 are naturally good.
性相近 Their natures are much the same;
習相遠 their habits become widely different.
苟不教 If foolishly there is no teaching,
性乃遷 the nature will deteriorate.
教之道 The right way in teaching,
貴以專 is to attach the utmost importance in thoroughness.
昔孟母 Of the old time, the mother of Mencius
擇鄰處 chose a neighbourhood
子不學 and when her child would not learn,
斷機杼 she broke the shuttle from the loom.
竇燕山 Tou of the Swallow Hills
有義方 had the right method
教五子 He taught five sons,
名俱揚 each of whom raised the family reputation.
養不教 To feed without teaching,
父之過 is the father's fault.
教不嚴 To teach without severity,
師之惰 is the teacher's laziness.
子不學 If the child does not learn,
非所宜 this is not as it should be.
幼不學 If he does not learn while young,
老何為 what will he be when old ?
玉不琢 If jade is not polished,
不成器 it cannot become a thing of use.
人不學 If a man does not learn,
不知義 he cannot know his duty towards his neighbour.
為人子 He who is the son of a man,
方少時 when he is young,
親師友 should attach himself to his teachers and friends;
習禮儀 and practise ceremonial usages.
香九齡 Hsiang, at nine years of age,
能溫席 could warm (his parent's) bed.
孝於親 Filial piety towards parents,
所當執 is that to which we should hold fast.
融四歲 Jung, at four years of age,
能讓梨 could yield the (bigger) pears.
弟於長 To behave as a younger brother towards elders,
宜先知 is one of the first things to know.
首孝弟 Begin with filial piety and fraternal love,
次見聞 and then see and hear .
知某數 Learn to count,
識某文 and learn to read.
一而十 units and tens,
十而百 then tens and hundreds,
百而千 hundreds and thousands,
千而萬 thousands and then tens of thousands.
三才者 The three forces,
天地人 are heaven, earth and man.
三光者 The three luminaries,
日月星 are the sun, the moon and the stars.
三綱者 The three bonds,
君臣義 are the obligation between sovereigns and subject,
父子親 the love between father and child,
夫婦順 the harmony between husband and wife.
曰春夏 We speak of spring and summer,
曰秋冬 we speak of autumn and winter,
此四時 These four seasons,
運不窮 revolve without ceasing.
曰南北 We speak of North and South,
曰西東 we speak of East and West,
此四方 These four points,
應乎中 respond to the requirements of the centre.
曰火水 We speak of water, fire,
木金土 wood, metal and earth.
此五行 These five elements,
本乎數 have their origin in number.
曰仁義 We speak of charity, and of duty towards one' neighbour
禮智信 of propriety, of wisdom, and of truth.
此五常 These five virtues,
不容紊 admit of no compromise.
稻粱菽 Rice , spike, millet, pulse
麥黍稷 wheat, glutinous millet and common millet,
此六穀 These six grains,
人所食 are those which men eat.
馬牛羊 The horse, the ox, the sheep,
雞犬豕 the fowl, the dog, the pig.
此六畜 These six animals,
人所飼 are those which men keep.
曰喜怒 We speak of joy, of anger,
曰哀懼 we speak of pity, of fear,
愛惡欲 of love , of hate and of desire.
七情具 These are the seven passions.
匏土革 The gourd, earthenware, leather skin
木石金 wood, stone metal,
與絲竹 silk and bamboo,
乃八音 yield the eight musical sounds.
高曾祖 Great-great-grandfather, Great-grandfather, grandfather,
父而身 father and self,
身而子 self and son,
子而孫 son and grandson,
自子孫 from son and grandson,
至玄曾 on to great grandson and great-great grandson.
乃九族 These are the nine agnates,
人之倫 constituting the kinships of man.
父子恩 Affection between father and child,
夫婦從 harmony between husband and wife,
兄則友 friendliness on the part of elder brothers,
弟則恭 respectfulness on the part of younger brothers,
長幼序 Precedence between elder and younger,
友與朋 as between friend and friend.
君則敬 Respect on the part of the sovereign,
臣則忠 loyalty on the part of the subject.
此十義 These ten obligations,
人所同 are common to all men.
當順敘 It should be followed by order
勿違背 do not transgress.
凡訓蒙 In the education of the young,
須講究 there should be explanation and elucidation,
詳訓詁 careful teaching of the interpretations of commentators,
名句讀 and due attention to paragraphs and sentences.
為學者 Those who are learners,
必有初 must have a beginning.
小學終 The "little learning" finished,
至四書 they proceed to the four books.
論語者 There is the Lun Yu (discourse or Analects),
二十篇 in twenty sections.
群弟子 In this, the various disciples,
記善言 have recorded the wise sayings of Confucious.
孟子者 The works of Mencius,
七篇止 have comprised in seven section.
講道德 These explain the way and exemplifications thereof,
說仁義 and expound clarity and duty towards one's neighbour.
作中庸 The Chung Yung (the doctrine of the mean),
子思筆 by the pen of Tzu-su;
中不偏 Chung (the middle) being that which odes not lean towards any side,
庸不易 Yung( the course) being that which cannot be changed.
作大學 He who wrote the "Great Learning"
乃曾子 was the philosopher Tseng.
自修齊 Beginning with cultivation of the individual and ordering of the family,
至平治 It goes on to government of one's own State and ordering of the family.
孝經通 When the "Classic of Filial Piety" is mastered,
四書熟 and the "Four books" are known by heart.
如六經 The next step is to the "Six classics",
始可讀 which may now be studied.
詩書易 The Books of Poetry, of History and of Changes.
禮春秋 The "Rites of Chou Dynasty, the book of Tites, and the "Spring and Autum Annals"
號六經 are the six classics
當講求 which should be carefully explained and analysed.
有連山 There is the Lien Shan System,
有歸藏 there is the Kuei Tsang
有周易 And there is the system of Changes of the Chou Dynasty,
三易詳 such are the 3 systems which elucidate the changes.
有典謨 There are the Regulations and the Counsels,
有訓誥 The Instruction, The Announcements,
有誓命 The Oaths, The Charges,
書之奧 These are the profundities of the Book of History.
我周公 Our Duke of Chou,
作周禮 drew up the Ritual of the Chou Dynasty,
著六官 in which he set forth the duties of the six classes of officials;
存治體 and thus gave a settled form to the government.
大小戴 The Elder and the Younger Tai,
注禮記 wrote commentaries on the Book of Rites.
述聖言 They publish the holy words,
禮樂備 and Ceremonies and Music were set in order.
曰國風 We speak of the Kuo Feng,
曰雅頌 we speak of the Ya and the Sung.
號四詩 These are the four sections of the Book of poetry,
當諷詠 which should be hummed over and over.
詩既亡 When odes ceased to be made,
春秋作 the Spring and Autumn Annals were produced.
寓褒貶 These Annals contain praise and blame,
別善惡 and distinguish the good from the bad.
三傳者 The three commentaries upon the above,
有公羊 include that of Kung-Yang,
有左氏 that of Tso
有彀梁 and that of Ku-Liang.
經既明 When the classics were understood,
方讀子 then the writings of the various philosophers should be read.
撮其要 Pick out the important points in each,
記其事 and take a note of the facts.
五子者 The five chief philosophers
有荀楊 are Haun, Yang,
文中子 Wen Chung Tzu
及老莊 Lao Tzu and Chung Tzu.
經子通 When the classics and the philosophers are mastered,
讀諸史 the various histories should then be read,
考世系 and the genealogical connections should be examined,
知終始 so that the end of one dynasty and the beginning of the next be known
自羲農 From Fu Hsi and Shen Nung.
至黃帝 to the Yellow Emperor,
號三皇 these are called the three rulers.
居上世 who lived in the early ages.
唐有虞 Tang and Yu
號二帝 are called the two emperors.
相揖遜 They abdicated, one after the other,
稱盛世 and their was called the Golden Age.
夏有禹 The Hsia dynasty has Yu
商有湯 and the Shang dynasty has T'ang'
周文武 The Chou dynasty had Wen and Wu;
稱三王 these are called the Three Kings
夏傳子 Under the Hsia dynasty the throne was transmitted from father to son,
家天下 making a family possession of the empire.
四百載 After four hundred years,
遷夏社 the imperial sacrifice passed from the house of Hsia.
湯伐夏 T'ang the completer destroyed the Hsia Dynasty,
國號商 and the Dynastic title became Shang.
六百載 The line lasted for six hundred years,
至紂亡 ending with Chou Hsin.
周武王 King Wu of the Chou Dynasty
始誅紂 finally slew Chou Hsin
八百載 His own line lasted for eight hundred years;
最長久 the longest dynasty of all.
周轍東 When the Chous made tracks eastwards,
王綱墮 the feudal bond was slackened;
逞干戈 the arbitrament of spear and shields prevailed;
尚遊說 and peripatetic politicians were held in high esteem.
始春秋 This period began with the Spring and Autumn Epoch
終戰國 and ended with that of the Warring States.
五霸強 Next, the Five Chieftains domineered,
七雄出 and Seven Martial States came to the front.
嬴秦氏 Then the House of Chin, descended from the Ying clan,
始兼并 finally united all the states under one sway.
傳二世 The thrown was transmitted to Erh Shih,
楚漢爭 upon which followed the struggle between the Ch'u and the Han states.
高祖興 Then Kao Tsu arose,
漢業建 and the House of Han was established.
至孝平 When we come to the reign of Hsiao P'ing,
王莽篡 Wang Mang usurped the throne.
光武興 Then Kuang Wu arose,
為東漢 and founded the Eastern Han Dynasty.
四百年 It lasted four hundred years,
終於獻 and ended with the Emperor Hsien.
魏蜀吳 Wei, Shu and Wu,
爭漢鼎 fought for the sovereignty of the Hans.
號三國 They were called the Three Kingdom s,
迄兩晉 and existed until the two Chin Dynasties.
宋齊繼 Then followed the Sung and the Ch'i dynasties,
梁陳承 and after them the Liang and Ch'en dynasties
為南朝 These are the Southen dynasties,
都金陵 with their capital at Nanking.
北元魏 The northern dynasties are the Wei dynasty and the Yuan family
分東西 which split into Eastern and Western Wei.
宇文周 The Chou dynasty and the Yuwen family,
興高齊 with the Ch'i dynasty of the Kao family.
迨至隋 At length, under the Sui dynasty,
一土宇 the empire was united under one ruler.
不再傳 The throne was not transmitted twice,
失統緒 succession to power being lost
唐高祖 The first emperor of the T'ang dynasty
起義師 raised volunteer troops.
除隋亂 He put an end to the disorder of the House of Sui,
創國基 and established the foundation of his line.
二十傳 Twenty times the thrown was transmitted,
三百載 in a period of 300 years.
梁滅之 The Liang State destroyed it,
國乃改 and the dynastic title was changed.
梁唐晉 The Liang, the T'ang, the Chin
及漢周 the Han and the Chou
稱五代 are called the five dynasties,
皆有由 and there was a reason for the establishment of each.
炎宋興 Then the fire-led house of Sung arose,
受周禪 and received the resignation of the house of Chou.
十八傳 Eighteen times the throne was transmitted,
南北混 and then the north and the south were reunited.
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遼與金 皆稱帝
太祖興 國大明 號洪武 都金陵
迨成祖 遷燕京 十六世 至崇禎
閹亂後 寇內訌 闖逆變 神器終
清順治 據神京 至十傳 宣統遜
舉總統 共和成 復漢土 民國興
廿二史 全在茲 載治亂 知興衰
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十七史 The Seventeen Dynastic Histories,
全在茲 are all embraced in the above.
載治亂 They contain examples of good and bad government,
知興衰 whence may be learnt the principles of prosperity and decay.
讀史書 Ye who read history
考實錄 must study the Annals,
通古今 whereby you will understand ancient and modern events,
若親目 as though having seen them with your own eyes.
口而誦 Recite them with the mouth,
心而惟 and ponder over them in your hearts.
朝於斯 Do this in the morning;
夕於斯 do this in the evening.
昔仲尼 Of old, Confucius,
師項橐 took Hsiang T'o for his teacher.
古聖賢 The inspired men and sages of old,
尚勤學 studied diligently nevertheless.
趙中令 Chao, president of the Council,
讀魯論 studied the Lu Test of the Analects.
彼既仕 He, when already an official,
學且勤 studied and moreover, with diligence.
披蒲編 One opened out rushes and plaited them together,
削竹簡 another scraped tablets of bamboo.
彼無書 These men had no books,
且知勉 but they knew how to make an effort.
頭懸梁 One tied his head to the beam above him;
錐刺股 another pricked his thigh with an awl.
彼不教 They were not taught,
自勤苦 but toiled hard of their own accord.
如囊螢 Then we have one who put fireflies in a bag.
如映雪 and again another who used the white glare from snow.
家雖貧 Although their families were poor,
學不輟 these men studied unceasingly.
如負薪 Again, there was one who carried fuel,
如掛角 and another who used horns and pegs.
身雖勞 Although they toiled with their bodies,
猶苦卓 they were nevertheless remarkable for their application.
蘇老泉 Shu Lao-Chuan,
二十七 at the age of twenty-seven
始發憤 at last began to show his ability,
讀書籍 and devote himself to the study of books.
彼既老 Then when already past the age,
猶悔遲 he deeply regretted his delay.
爾小生 You little boys,
宜早思 should take the thought betimes.
若梁灝 Then there were Liang Hao,
八十二 who at the age of eighty-two,
對大廷 made his replies to the great hall,
魁多士 and came out first among many scholars.
彼既成 When thus late he had succeeded,
眾稱異 all men pronounced him a prodigy.
爾小生 You little boys,
宜立志 should make up your minds to work.
瑩八歲 Jung at eight of age,
能詠詩 could compose poetry.
泌七歲 Pi, at seven years of age,
能賦棋 could make an epigram on wei-qi (Go)
彼穎悟 These youths were quick of apprehension,
人稱奇 and people declared them to be prodigies.
爾幼學 You young learners,
當效之 ought to imitate them.
蔡文姬 Ts'ai Wen-chi,
能辨琴 was able to judge from the sound of a psaltery
謝道韞 Hsieh Tao-yun,
能詠吟 was able to compose verses.
彼女子 They were only girls,
且聰敏 yet they were quick and clever.
爾男子 You boys ought to
當自警 rouse yourselves.
唐劉晏 Liu Yen of the Tang dynasty
方七歲 when only seven years of age,
舉神童 was ranked as a child prodigy (whiz kid)
作正字 and was appointed a Corrector of Texts.
彼雖幼 He, although a child,
身己仕 was already in an official post.
爾幼學 You young learners
勉而致 strive to bring about a like result.
有為者 Those who work,
亦若是 will also succeed as he did.
犬守夜 The dog keep guard by night;
雞司晨 the cock proclaims the dawn.
苟不學 If foolishly you do not study,
曷為人 how can you become men ?
蠶吐絲 The silkworm produced silk,
蜂釀蜜 the bee makes honey.
人不學 If man does not learn,
不如物 he is not equal to the brutes
幼而學 Learn while young,
壯而行 and when grown up apply what you have learn;
上致君 influencing the soverign above,
下澤民 benefiting the people below.
揚名聲 Make a name for yourselves,
顯父母 and glorify you father and mother
光於前 shed lustre on your ancestors,
裕於後 enrich your posterity.
人遺子 Men bequeath to their children,
金滿嬴 coffers of gold
我教子 I teach you children,
惟一經 only this book.
勤有功 Diligence has its reward;
戲無益 play has no advantages,
戒之哉 Oh, be on your guard,
宜勉力 and put forth your strength